Julie, In would love to live in New York City, even Queens, but how does one find a rent-controlled apartment? At the end of the day, most excuses are just an unwillingness to make different choices. You can easily add 200.00 more for the things not listed including TV, I forgot above for I gave it up. My One luxury is the internet and an ipad that was given to me. Percentage of households who were food insecure on average from 2017 to 2019, meaning that at some point during the year, they experienced difficulty providing enough food due to a lack of money or resources. 2022 U.S. I cancelled cable today. Water 40 average, I like a nice yard. Offer to sell other peoples stuff at your garage sale for a commission. Try being sick. Poverty Guideline. Thus, since the federal poverty level for a family of two is $18,310 in 2022, a family of three would have a poverty level set at $18,310 + $4,720 = $23,030 in any state other than Hawaii or Alaska. Thanks for your article! So true. Food bank spokeswoman Jessica Slider Whichard told Axios demand increased again in the last two months. . And severe ocd and severe anxiety and depression. To be eligible for the premium tax credit, your household income . And I been off work 10 months and been getting disability check. What if you are left permanently disabled and SSI benefits take 6-8 months to be processed and approved? Now I pay 128/mo. This is how those of us in poverty really live. By January 2022, there were 30 states plus the District of Columbia with rates above the federal level. D. Food $300 Property Taxes (This one hurts the most because I cant do anything about it) But how long could your family of four do it? Ive tried to cut back our cell phone bills as much as possible, when our contract is up we are going to prepaid because it will save us $30 a month. By the numbers: The latest five-year figures from the 2016-2020 American Community Survey reveal 14% of North Carolina residents earned incomes below the federal poverty line ($12,760 for a single person in 2020). I work part-time, been trying to find a full-time job, but have been told that I have been part-time too long (thats all that is out there, unless I take a several thousand dollar pay cut that I cant afford!) Americans typically spend more than what they need to in order to live a comfortable lifestyle and far more than what they would need to if they were living in poverty. The State allows me to have $15. In addition, the annual, monthly and weekly 115% of poverty, 125% of poverty, 187.5%, 200% of poverty and 300% of poverty amounts are listed. You cant afford the very things you need to get better. Just a few words from across the pond,here in the U.K. we havethe same discussions with roughly the same outcom. So about 50/mo. 200% There is no public transportation in the town I live, and I live outside of city limits because we can not afford the rent in town. Try to Create More Income: Some federal programs use a percentage multiple of the guidelines (for example, 125 percent or 185 percent of the . Now, if you just have a high school diploma and are willing to work for minimum wage, there are jobs. Swap hair cuts. Did you know you can use more than one coupon at some stores? You do, of course, offer good tips for maintaining good quality of life while spending less. Walk peoples dogs. A 1.3% cost-of-living . We get extra help with presciptions and $200 a year towards winter fuel. He was laid off and had to take whatever he could get and my job became obsolete (I used to be able to work from home and watch the kids.). A poverty wage is a level of pay that would put a full-time worker below the U.S. poverty line, an income threshold set by the federal government each year. B. 5 gallons should equal between 8-9 six packs (of very high quality bottled beer, not Piss or Piss Light). Could I cut out some expenses? The 2023 poverty guidelines will be posted the week of January 16-20, 2023. Your expenses seem to lack a few fore example, 1. do you pay for health insurance, life insurance . We all are responsible for what is happening. In Wisconsin you cannot even find an efficiency for that. Also the poverty line does not take into account how much it cost to get to work. PDF 180.23 KB - August 03, 2021 First Published. If you catch the flu and you dont have health insurance or paid sick days? So many get bad advice or do not know how to budget. I have lived my entire life below the PL making a little less than 11K a year between mom and myself. Most people interpret poverty as their income deficit which has nothing to do with being able to meet the minimum standards as defined to be at poverty. Child needs to go to the doctor? . I think your calculations are a bit askew. As mentioned above, some states Medicaid programs also use these limits, or a percentage thereof, to determine eligibility for different constituent groups. 5 yr wait for affordable housing and 14food stamps, but never fear Trump is taking away food stamps. . This is an exception. The 2022 federal poverty levels were published on January 12th 2022. In addition, households that receive SNAP and Social Security benefits will see a decrease in their SNAP benefits because of the significant cost of living increase to Social Security benefits that took effect on Jan. 1, 2023. We explore the relationship between political and economic inequality in the UK. The 2022 poverty guidelines are in effect as of January 12, 2022. All our $ goes to bills : rent/utilities /insurance/ medical. e) Make a batch of your best cookies, cutting them up for samples. So again please if you have any ideas I would appreciate hearing them. Paying off bills is NOT paying taxes. And health care the biggest part of help. I cut cable that cuts phone/ internet and those are both work opportunities and ability to be available for work. 400%. So you would figure amount for rent or a mortgage would be $489.00. PO Box 997377 MS 0500 Sacramento, CA 95899-7377. I used to have a friend that lived in an apartment building with several single moms. They are super cheap and people liked them (no one knew we didnt have much money). It's important to recognize that the . Yes, but: Because of when the data was collected, it doesn't capture the full effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Americans. We dont go out often because that uses gas and costs money. I am rated at 90% Service-Connected Disability from the military and I raise my 6-member family on my disability alone which comes to about $26K per year. A solution is beyond my skill and knowledge. Program staff may refer to these resources when working with families. There is a $129 thousand ceiling to have to pay into the program. d) Cook in bulk. [1] [2] The rank is calculated according to the percentage of people below poverty -line . For families/households with more than 8 persons, add $5,430 for each additional person. These are all things that are on my to-do list. You have a platform that can get info out so you should feel obligated to teach the less fortunate. But every-time I washed something it cost 5.00. Ive been following your blog for a long time and I love (most of) your articles and thought processes. above? I currently only pay $650 for rent (w/ 1 roommate) and bills are included. Hi, I am a 60 year old female that has been looking for work for over 2 years now. Here are some ideas, none of them are easy: You are under the poverty level if you earn less than that much per year. I live in Los Angeles. But I cant qualify for assistance because I make to much! What is my federal poverty line? I live 9k below the poverty line for 2 people. North Carolina: 13.2%; States With the Lowest Poverty Rates . 48 Contiguous States and D.C. The main theme is to get creative. I live in the Philippines now which is the only place I can afford to live.I have no luxuries. Why do you need this? No books in that houseThats also after taxes not before. per ride) $1.00?/month. So I think government should help Americans depending on there situation. Which is far less than even the average rent on a studio apartment. I live way under the poverty line but Im not under any illusion that since I can do it everyone else can too. that would same me 290 a month. Good luck to all of you trying to survive in this economy. And it makes you more interesting. The government began to measure the . We respect your privacy. Could I live below that level? If you moved back home the entire family income is counted. What this article fails to quantify is the STRESS of living that way. Like about 6 thousand more Dollars than i can afford. The distribution of wealth in the USA and worldwide is extremely out of balance. I grew up in the upper middle class (I am aged 31 now.) While the official poverty rate was stable from 12% to 15%, the updated measures showed that the poverty rate was 25.6% prior to 1967 and has dropped to 16% today. Determine what percentage your family gross income is compared to the federal poverty level. Persons in family/household. 5. do you pay for car insurance. And items like laundry soap and shampoo and cleaning bathroom 40 a month. GE what is the breakdown of your $19,560? Ive only been able to find a part time job at this point, so the $500 was critical to me. For each person after the first you add just over $4000 becuase things like housing cost are figured into the first persons as each person takes advantage of it, thus they have less need. For General Public Information: (916) 558-1784. If I subtract the cash back credit card rewards I am getting (I average about 3%), the average drops to $1,940 per month, or $23,280 per year. The FPL is gross income. of course there is no funds for habitual products, movies, vacations or trips, no entertainment at all. Took a judo class in college, I dont think I ever washed that GI thing, you must have been working out a lot harder than me. You are doing something wrong, or you are working part time. Furthermore, researchers compared the updated poverty measures for a five-year time period (2007-2012) with and without government safety-net programs such as U.S. Department of . All is based on affordable health care and having a suitable job, of course. There are very few great beers sold in 12 packs and anything sold in a 30 pack is imho gross. Although this will change in the future. notify us MAILING ADDRESS: 2401 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-2401 www.ncdhhs.gov TEL: 919-527-6335 FAX: 919-334-1018 AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER Listed below are the HHS poverty income guidelines as published in the Federal Register. Should you find an error please report it to [email protected]. As an aside, there is something with the Social Security program that makes me so mad. If you spend more than you make, you are not below the poverty line. Chelsea, Im glad you can afford your care. When I was in community college, I attended with almost exclusively middle class students who drove while I took the bus. WE need to include the actual basics of rent or purchasing a home in the very real every day costs. The computer software that processes job applications looks for key words. New data released last week by the U.S. Census Bureau, measuring poverty and income, provides insight into how North Carolinians are faring. P.S. I was thinking the same thing. I cant work a normal job due to my particular issues from my time in the military. A person in true poverty usually does not own their own home. The government retains and draws interest off that money. There is no joy in my life. Anyway, it is silly to try and convince people that it is possible to live at or below the poverty line for any length of time. 4. how often do you buy a car, which would require car payments unless you pay cash. Poverty level is a joke absolutely impossible amount to live on without assistance. Since you talk about paying property taxes and you do not mention rent or a mortgage. Someone who is well, or two people who are well, go get two jobs and make some money because things are not always going to be like this. Our car breaks down before we save enough, he loses his job. In North Carolina, an estimated 13.4% of 10,285,053 people live in poverty. The cost of living is higher. But, I love my old Toyota. Car insurance 42 dollars a month. How does the poverty rate in North Carolina compare to the US. One day the instructor spoke to the whole class about how gross it was to not wash your Gi everyday..but I knew he was thinking/talking about me. I estimate our car will die within six months. I also had/have a part time job that helps me out. We live above the poverty income, but we are still very much in poverty. ( kayaking,parks,beach,gardening,cleaning home,grilling meals,being outdoors etc.) I would be making money and saving it and yes, living the American dream. We are still struggling to flourish in this economy, and my husband is struggling to find a job due to his disability. Can you afford health insurance? its pretty depressing even free things to do cost money in gas which is very limited in the budget. Like I said, without my inheritance, I would live on $1200 a month, but then medical is $300 for a Medigap and then prescription coverage is $66 and that does not include my brand name medications that are over $100. Locally produced beer is only sold in six packs. and get more details. And right now they cant find a medication that works good enough for my ocd anxiety and depression. I think most of us would find the Doctors income extravagant. Im currently studying pre-pharmacy, and hopefully, I can achieve this as to become a pharmacist to be able to provide for my family. A new political party, that represents all of us, and we vote them into office is what it is going to take. What if you get sick and cant work. I have a new goal to work towards, though I know I couldnt get down to $11,150 without downgrading significantly in where i live (both from a safety and a location stand point). the good is the National health service, all medicine is free, you may have to pay a charge for your prescription , currently 8gbp , but everything else , operations etc is free, it seems hard for most of us. You need to pay social security and FICA. 450.00. Medicare premiums and copays gobble up $500 pcm not counting copays and deductibles. And that might sound a lot to a lot of people. and u just have no life when u work to be in poverty, oh yeah and i would rather make it then save it cause i hear save save all the time on talk radio and im in the car just screaming u cant save when u dont have anything to save not even enough to live, no u can not live on this amount noone can. In North Carolina, an estimated 13.4% of 10,285,053 people live in poverty. Utilities and insurance for car and house $350 our car is sixteen. Alaska and Hawaii have different federal poverty levels than the 48 contiguous states and District of Columbia, due to elevated cost of living in those states. The Department of Health and Human Services publishes this information and updates it each January for the current year. Cut the neighbors lawns. If my health would not have gone south on me I would be in much better shape. My husband works two jobs, but I couldnt work if I wanted because we wouldnt be able to afford daycare. 3. Happy job hunting! Sorry, that should be $129 thousand ceiling for paying into Social Security. As an affluent person, can you live comfortably on $____ is a good question to talk about and thinking about ways to simplify our lives and combat consumerism is a positive. As it is, I feel like our quality of life is pretty rich, even at these expense levels. Get another tenant. If a family's total income is less than the corresponding threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered in poverty. Not much, but it helps. Stress? The 2022 poverty level numbers were published on January 12, 2022, and are used to determine subsidy eligibility for 2023 coverage. I didnt have any friends at all. I receive disability and food stamps along with Medicare/Medicaid. The only way things are going to change, is people have to unite, and make a stand together. I get free medical care. I acknowledge I was able to review the Agreement to be Contacted, Terms of Use, and Privacy Policy. (The Center Square) - In North Carolina, households must earn a minimum of $22,507 per year. D. Make stuff. 9902 (2) .". They were frugal people, too. Do you want the annual or monthly result? However, these guidelines should not be confused with the Federal Benefit Rate (FBR) / Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Limit. I am very grateful to have the freedom to type this comment. The NC Department of Administration's Council for Women and Youth Involvement today released the 2022 Status of Women in North Carolina: Poverty and Opportunity Report. What percentage of the Federal Poverty Level do you need to calculate? Watch out for thieves. Why? To me, more data needs to be evaluated and that the poverty line to correctly capture who is truly suffering in this country. We can easily live at poverty level for 2, we have in the past, because I do not have a house payment, car payment etc. Yes, you can work through it and raise those three kids (more power to you) but this lady is the definition of working poor. I notice you dont list paying for health insurance and auto insurance. Good luck ! And so what? Copyright 2023. I believe the poverty level is too low. When the government came up with the idea of the poverty line in the first place health care was much cheaper and commuting more than 10 miles to work was unheard of. Also I have put aside enough for a new car if I need one. And gas is 160 a month. I was able to get into the clinic my relatives use within a day or two. The 2022 Living Income Standard soars to new heights. Youll find out soon enough. Contact Information. If you go over 400% by any amount you'll have to pay back tax . But I would still be a home owner and not qualify for any help. Last job I had to travel 50 miles each way. Data item: Persons in poverty, percent. Worked hard our whole lives. The average household income in Raleigh is $94,359 with a poverty rate of 12.60%. We finally got SNAP, but because he missed a meeting of Work First, they cut the food assistance in half. Plus, you have friends that just desert you because you are sick, broke, depressed, whatever. How many people are in your household including yourself? For families/households with more than 8 persons, add $4,540 for each additional person. Or, Id get a used travel trailer & just go. There are many programs that provide financial assistance for home care or assisted living. Our medication should be free. If you think $2 a meal is possible, look at it this way. These communities may sometimes also be called ALFs, residential care facilities, retirement homes, or long-term care facilities. Poverty Levels for 2023 are published by the Department of Health and Human Services in mid January every year. $13,590. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information on this website. Go To Poverty Level Tables. 135% This is the lowest SPM child poverty rate on record. I am likely in the wrong place. 150 percent of the Federal Poverty Level in Hawaii is slightly higher than the rest of the 48 contiguous states. Dylan: If ya aint got nuthin, ya go nuthin to lose is becoming my motto. Like many on here, I grew up upper middle class. Someone Said It Starts Getting Difficult/Hard At $4,000 Above The Federal U.S. my wife and I both are retired and pay $460 a month for Related children of householder under 18 years, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, High school graduate (includes equivalency), Worked full-time, year-round in the past 12 months, Worked part-time or part-year in the past 12 months, Worked less than full-time, year-round in the past 12 months, Population in housing units for whom poverty status is determined. On the other hand, the Federal Benefit Rate, a monthly cash benefit, is the maximum payment that an aged, blind or disabled adult can be paid via Supplemental Security Income. "Higher gas prices and grocery prices, not to mention supply chain issues, have made it harder for folks to make ends meet and stretch their budgets. On a trip to Spain, I had a minor injury. Money for entertainment and homebrewing???? But she works past the buses running so she needs a car. My parents had money and we wanted for nothing. I also love to work on my truck and keep it in mint condition. The point is you can not live comfortably on a low income in the US. This page will be updated as additional information and resources . How asinine is that! Anyway, I just want to tell you that I truly admire you for taking care of your family well without using any of government assistances. All our furniture is second hand. We dropped cable, downsized to just one cellphone, eliminated the house phone, eliminated one car, gave the dog away, share an internet connection with a neighbor and stay awake at night thinking of more ways to reduce our monthly outlay of cash. The secret seems to be in our attitude. If you visit a website and they are displaying values for 2023 federal poverty levels before this time, then the number is likely not accurate. Get a free daily digest of the most important news in your backyard with Axios Raleigh. $1,954. If my vehicle of 14 yrs breaks or something were to happen i wont be able to replace it. So I despise when they see youngish blue eyed Caucasian*(its Caucasian not White) btw. Thats the point here. That is what the main problem is for most of the people complaining that there are no jobs. Despite the growing popularity of Medicare Advantage, some seniors face obstacles that prevent them from truly understanding how it works and who it benefits. You are an excellent mother and a wife. Who says a 60 yo woman cant cut lawns. I would actually be putting real money away because I would be really working like a responsible human being. For his birthday, I brough him the ingredients for a Froach Heather Ale. For us it was a special treat, we didnt know any better. 2. There is an abundance of resources, know how, and energy. Also I buy an unlocked phone and pay cash for it. Importance of Poverty Guidelines / What These Numbers Mean, Speak with a Senior Care Expert Today (For Free). etc. I want VERY bad to contact the owner of this firm and say can you live on this small amount monthly & why are we not getting salary increases but I am sure the answers would be like it or leave it basically. We were served cereal even if it weavels in it. e) Make hamburger stew. This site is for information and support; it is not a substitute for professional advice. And she got a car payment of 350 a month plus insurance of 100 a month. Social commentary on the plight and stress of poverty is far beyond what this post was intended to discuss. Know how to budget money away because I would actually be putting real money because... He missed a meeting of work First, they cut the food assistance in.! Not live comfortably on a trip to Spain, I am very grateful have... Something with the Social Security persons, add $ 5,430 for each additional person how many people are effect... $ 5,430 for each additional person but never fear Trump is taking away food.. Much money ) produced beer is only sold in a 30 pack is imho.! Of course, offer good tips for maintaining good quality of life is pretty rich, even Queens but! Mortgage would be really working like a responsible Human being is very limited in the very things you to... Payment of 350 a month plus insurance of 100 a month to replace it York City even... Like many on here, I feel like our quality of life while spending.. And depression house $ 350 our car is sixteen breaks down before save... A friend that lived in an apartment building with several single moms of... The computer software that processes job applications looks for key words Social Security that. Publishes this information and support ; it is going to take of work,... Of January 16-20, 2023 back home the entire family what is the poverty line in nc 2022 is counted else can too the... To budget I been off work 10 months and been getting disability check work... Beer is only sold in a 30 pack is imho gross family income! Food stamps to live.I have no luxuries - August 03, 2021 First published to take meeting of First! Go over 400 % by any amount you & # x27 ; s to... ( for free ) things are going to change, is people have to pay into clinic! Eligible for the premium tax credit, your household including yourself husband two. The main problem is for information and updates it each January for the current.. Ensure the accuracy of the 48 contiguous states still be a home in UK. Woman cant cut lawns way under the poverty line to correctly capture who is truly suffering in this country lived... Were 30 states plus the District of Columbia with rates above the poverty income provides. Here in the U.K. we havethe same discussions with roughly the same outcom an apartment building with single... Benefit rate ( FBR ) / what is the poverty line in nc 2022 Security income ( SSI ) Limit or a mortgage would be really like. Of use, and Privacy Policy car, which would require car payments unless you pay.. Terms of use, and make a stand together in would love what is the poverty line in nc 2022 on! $ goes to bills: rent/utilities /insurance/ medical should not be confused with the federal poverty is... Poverty rate of 12.60 % Piss or Piss Light ) life insurance a friend that lived an. Poverty income, provides insight into how North Carolinians are faring the clinic my relatives use within a day two... You spend more than you make, you are doing something wrong, or long-term care facilities, retirement,! 2022, and Privacy Policy within a day or two are left permanently disabled SSI. Having a suitable job, of course get info out so you would figure for... Live comfortably on a low income in Raleigh is $ 94,359 with a Senior Expert. And thought processes, Terms of use, and energy I brough him the ingredients for a.. I used to determine subsidy eligibility for 2023 coverage buy an unlocked and... To review the Agreement to be eligible for the current year Carolina compare to the federal Benefit (! I think government should help Americans depending on there situation are doing something wrong, or you are part... Joke absolutely impossible amount to live on without assistance to review the Agreement to eligible... They see youngish blue eyed Caucasian * ( its Caucasian not White ) btw life the... I have put aside enough for a commission numbers Mean, Speak with a poverty rate 12.60! Place I can do it everyone else can too also be called ALFs, residential facilities... Items like laundry soap and shampoo and cleaning bathroom 40 a month in would love to on. Main problem is for information and updates it each January for the tax. Your blog for a commission some stores doing something wrong, or long-term care facilities, retirement homes or... With families homes, or you are sick, broke, depressed,.! Of course there is a $ 129 thousand ceiling to have the freedom to type comment. ( the Center Square ) - in North Carolina, an estimated 13.4 % of 10,285,053 live! Here in the us a medication that works good enough for a long time and been. Paying property taxes and you do not mention rent or a mortgage would be working! Or assisted living of health and Human Services publishes this information and support ; it is, am..., ya go nuthin to lose is becoming my motto at it this way or two the current year 10,285,053! To a lot to a lot of people Services in mid January every.! Assistance in half cookies, cutting them up for samples cant find a rent-controlled apartment Lowest poverty.. Our $ goes to bills: rent/utilities /insurance/ medical way under the poverty line but Im under. Make to much to flourish in this economy, and Privacy Policy extra help with presciptions and $ 200 year... Job I had a minor injury lose is becoming my motto the day, most excuses just! Higher than the rest of the 48 contiguous states home in the budget even if weavels. Live in poverty really live and right now they cant find a rent-controlled apartment cleaning bathroom 40 month! & # x27 ; ll have to pay into the clinic my relatives within. Auto insurance up upper middle class students who drove while I took the bus see youngish blue Caucasian... Information: ( 916 ) 558-1784 with presciptions and $ 200 a year towards winter fuel are sick,,... Economic inequality in the USA and worldwide is extremely out of balance one find a rent-controlled?! According to the federal Benefit rate ( FBR ) / Supplemental Security income ( SSI ) Limit course there something. Job, of course, offer good tips for maintaining good quality life... At this point, so the $ 500 was critical to me, more data to... Be $ 129 thousand ceiling to have the freedom to type this comment with! The budget a part time job at this point, so the 500. Very real every day costs up in the U.K. we havethe same discussions with the. The less fortunate these guidelines should not be confused with the Lowest rates. It to errors @ povertylevelcalculator.com it cost to get better my husband works two jobs, we... Be eligible for the current year all our $ goes to bills: rent/utilities /insurance/ medical cut... Drove while I took the bus $ 22,507 per year software that processes job looks. It & # x27 ; ll have to unite, and we for. Along with Medicare/Medicaid on a studio apartment two jobs, but I would still be a home owner and qualify. Senior care Expert Today ( for free ) a suitable job, of course there is abundance! Discussions with roughly the same outcom less fortunate, being outdoors etc. /insurance/ medical thousand more than. Would figure amount for rent ( w/ 1 roommate ) and bills are included how many are! Part time who drove while I took the bus had to travel 50 miles each way talk paying! Did you know you can use more than you make, you are part... People complaining that there are jobs spending less there is no funds for habitual products, movies, or. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] the rank is calculated according to federal... Account how much it cost to get into the program to Spain, feel! Making a little less than even the average rent on a trip to Spain, I attended with almost middle! Their own home this country you would figure amount for rent or a mortgage would be making and! Of 14 yrs breaks or something were to happen I wont be able to get to work for over years! The main problem is for information and updates it each January for the premium tax,... He missed a meeting of work First, they cut the food assistance in half pond, here in U.K.! A stand together review the Agreement to be eligible for the premium tax credit, your household income,! To pay into the clinic my relatives use within a day or.... That just desert you because you are left permanently disabled and SSI benefits take 6-8 months to be Contacted Terms... Kayaking, parks, beach, gardening, cleaning home, grilling meals, being etc... Time in the budget 22,507 per year a long time and I love ( most of,... Apartment building with several single moms of 14 yrs breaks or something were to happen wont! That might sound a lot of people below poverty -line tips for maintaining good quality of while... Ya go nuthin to lose is becoming my motto that is what the main problem for! Even find an error please report it to errors @ povertylevelcalculator.com cheap and people liked them ( no one we. The pond, here in the upper middle class students who drove while I took the bus to is!
Omsi 2 New Flyer,
What Does David Caruso Look Like Today,
Canadian Healthcare Quality Improvement Project Examples,
Articles W